The main competition projects in comprehensive sports venues include athletics, football, etc. The lighting design standards for the venues mainly include:
(1) Guidelines for artificial lighting in football fields: FIFA. This standard includes competition grading, lighting requirements, recommended lighting parameters, and field lighting measurement, and is currently the most comprehensive and up-to-date standard for artificial lighting in football fields. This standard was applied at the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan.
(2) Guidelines for artificial lighting in multifunctional indoor sports venues: International Federation of Sport (GAISF), European Broadcasting Union (EBU). This standard introduces the High Definition Color Television (HDTV) clause for the first time, and the lighting standards have been further improved. However, high-definition television is still in the development stage, so the requirements are based on the knowledge and experience available at the time of standard formulation; Compared to other standards and specifications, HDTV also requires an emergency system to provide minimal emergency TV lighting.
(3) Guidelines for Sports Lighting with Color TV Broadcasting and Film Systems: International Commission on Lighting (CIE) Document No. 83. The focus of the CIE83 technical document is on the lighting requirements for color television cameras, while also explaining the differences in requirements between television cameras and film cameras.
(4) Guidelines for Photometric Determination of Sports Lighting Devices: International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Document No. 67. In 1986, the CIE4.4 Committee of the International Commission on Lighting developed Technical Document CIE67. The purpose of this report is to develop standard procedures for calculating, measuring, and reporting lighting characteristics of indoor and outdoor sports lighting installations.
(5) Football Stadium Lighting: International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Document No. 57. In 1983, the International Lighting Commission officially issued the Lighting for Football 1 standard, which is the technical document CIE57. This standard is a guiding document for football field floodlighting, applicable from training grounds to sports stadiums with stands.
(6) Lighting design standard for civil buildings: GBJ133-90. Effective from December 1, 2004.
(7) Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings: JGJ/T16-92. Effective from August 1, 1993.
(8) Design Code for Sports Buildings (JGJ31-2003J265-2003). This standard is an industry standard jointly issued by the Ministry of Construction and the General Administration of Sport of China, and has been implemented since October 1, 2003. This standard is the first professional standard for sports architecture in China.
The selection of the above standards for venue lighting depends on the positioning of the construction party’s functional requirements for the venue, namely the nature and level requirements of the competition. The International Federation of Sport (GAISF) is classified by professional or amateur level of competition, while FIFA is classified by whether there is television broadcasting. Generally speaking, the standards formulated by international sports organizations are higher and more detailed than the national and industry standards in China. Therefore, sports venue construction is only used for domestic competitions and training, and can mainly follow the standards (6), (7), and (8) above, with other standards as auxiliary. If it is used as an intercontinental or international competition venue, it must be designed according to the principles of (1) to (5) standards as the main and others as auxiliary.
The core content of lighting standards is illuminance standards and lighting quality standards. Lighting quality standards include glare, light source color temperature, color rendering index, directionality of light, green and energy-saving requirements, etc.
